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Mach (kernel)
Mach is a kernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University to support operating system research, primarily distributed and parallel computing. Although Mach is often mentioned as one of the earliest examples of a microkernel, not all versions of Mach are microkernels. Mach's derivatives are the basis of the modern operating system kernels in OS X (which is not a microkernel), its sibling iOS, and GNU Hurd (which is a microkernel).
The project at Carnegie Mellon ran from 1985 to 1994, ending with Mach 3.0, which is finally a true microkernel. Mach was developed as a replacement for the kernel in the BSD version of Unix, so no new operating system would have to be designed around it. Experimental research on Mach appears to have ended, although Mach and its derivatives exist within a number of commercial operating systems. These include NeXTSTEP and OpenStep, upon which OS X is based—all using the XNU operating system kernel which incorporates an earlier, non-microkernel, Mach as a major component. The Mach virtual memory management system was also adopted in 4.4BSD by the BSD developers at CSRG, and appears in modern BSD-derived Unix systems, such as FreeBSD. Neither OS X nor FreeBSD maintains the explicit microkernel structure pioneered in Mach, although OS X continues to offer microkernel inter-process communication and control primitives for use directly by applications.
Mach is the logical successor to Carnegie Mellon's Accent kernel. The lead developer on the Mach project, Richard Rashid, has been working at Microsoft since 1991 in various top-level positions revolving around the Microsoft Research division. Another of the original Mach developers, Avie Tevanian, was formerly head of software at NeXT, then Chief Software Technology Officer at Apple Inc. until March 2006.
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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